Study "MICROBIO", a flashcard deck on FORKSAI.
Define the G1 phase of the cell cycle.
The G1 phase is a part of Interphase where the cell grows and synthesizes proteins and organelles, preparing for DNA replication. It precedes the S phase.
Distinguish between an unreplicated chromosome and a replicated chromosome.
An unreplicated chromosome consists of a single chromatid, while a replicated chromosome consists of two identical sister chromatids joined at the centromere. Replication occurs during the S phase of the cell cycle.
Which of the following events occurs during Metaphase of mitosis? A. Nuclear membrane breaks down B. Sister chromatids are pulled apart C. Chromosomes line up in the center D. Cytoplasm divides into two cells
C. Chromosomes line up in the center. This is the defining event of Metaphase, often remembered by the tactic 'Middle'.
What is the primary function of tumor suppressor genes?
Tumor suppressor genes are responsible for stopping cell division. When these genes are mutated, they lose their ability to regulate cell growth, which can contribute to the development of cancer.
Define apoptosis and explain its significance in the context of cancer.
Apoptosis is the process of programmed cell death. Cancer cells are characterized by their ability to avoid apoptosis, allowing them to continue growing and dividing uncontrollably despite having mutations.
Which of the following statements about cell division is FALSE? A. Mitosis creates two daughter cells from one parent cell. B. Cytokinesis occurs the same way in all eukaryotic cells. C. Replicated chromosomes consist of two identical sister chromatids. D. Cancer cells do not properly follow the checkpoints in the cell cycle.
B. Cytokinesis occurs the same way in all eukaryotic cells. This statement is false because cytokinesis differs between plant and animal cells.
What is binary fission and in which type of organism does it occur?
Binary fission is the process of cell division in prokaryotes. It is a simpler form of reproduction compared to mitosis or meiosis in eukaryotes.
Define 'sister chromatids' and 'centromere'.
Sister chromatids are the identical halves of a replicated chromosome. The centromere is the constricted point where these identical sister chromatids are attached to each other.
During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur? A. Prophase B. G1 phase C. S phase D. G2 phase
C. S phase. DNA replication, where the cell synthesizes a complete copy of its DNA, happens specifically during the Synthesis (S) phase of interphase.
What is the 'memory tactic' associated with Anaphase, and what key event does it describe?
The memory tactic for Anaphase is 'Apart'. This tactic describes the key event where sister chromatids are pulled apart and move to opposite poles of the cell.